Section One: What is Science?p. 8 LSF Steps to Solving a Problem:
State the Problem
Gather Information
Form a Hypothesis
Test the Hypothesis with an Experiment
Analyze Data
Draw Conclusions
Report Results
Section Two: Living Things p. 16 LSF What does it mean to be alive? Any living thing is an organism. Organisms vary in size. All organisms have similar traits. These traits determine what it means to be alive.
A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that carries on the functions of life.
All living things interact with their surroundings. In order for a living thing to survive and carry on its daily activity, the organism has to respond to stimuli.
Living things also have to be able to:
reproduce
grow and develop
organization
respond
get energy
Section Three: Where does life come from? p. 21 LSF There are two theories on where life comes from. Spontaneous generation is the idea that living things come from nonliving things and biogenesis is the idea that living things come from living things. There are 6 people who tested these theories. 1. Francesco Redi
2. John Needham
3. Lazzaro Spallanzani
4. Louis Pasteur
5. Alexander Oparin
6. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
Section Four: How are living things classified? p. 24 LSF
Classification
When you place similar items together you classify them. Which means you put them all together with
the same kind. History of classification
-grouped plants used in medicines
-animals classified by human traits
-Aristotle decided that any organism could be a plant of an animal, which were divided into smaller groups. Linnaeus
-Carolus Linnaeus developed a new system for organization
-new system based on organisms with similar structures Modern classification
-scientists use similar structures to classify
-classified into Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
-organisms of same species can mate
Scientific names= Genus (Capitalized) + Species (e.g. cat= Felis domesticus) Binomial nomenclature
Uses of scientific names
-used for four reasons:
1) helps avoid mistakes
2) organisms with similar evolutionary histories are classified together
3) scientific names give descriptive information about the species
4) scientific names allow information about organisms to be organized easily
Vocabulary:
a. binomial nomenclature- Formal way of naming specific species
b.biogenesis- an idea that living thingscome only from other living things
c. cell - basic unit of structure and function in living things
d. control - factor in experiment that remains the same
e. genus -first word of the two word scientific name used to identify a group of similar species
f. homeostasis - stable internal conditions
g. hypothesis- prediction that can be tested
h. kingdom- first and largestcategory used to classify organisms
i. law - statement about how things work in nature that seems to be true consistently
j. organism-an individual animal, plant, or single-celledlife form.
k. phylogeny- evolutionary history of an organism; used to group organisms into six kingdoms
l. scientific methods- procedures used to solve problems and and answer questions that can include stating the problem, gathering information, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesiswith an experiment, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions
m. spontaneous generation- an idea that living thingscome fromnon-living things
n. theory- explanation of things or events based on scientific knowledgeresulting from many obsercations and experiments o. variable-something in an experiment that can change. p. SI unit- An abbreviation for International System of Units; a standard system of measurements.
q. Stimuli- anything that causes some change in the organism is a stimulus.
What gases were believed to be in Earth's early atmosphere?
1) Water (H2O) 2) Methane (CH4)
3) Hydrogen
4) Ammonia (NH3)
Chapter One Review
Section One: What is Science?p. 8 LSF
Steps to Solving a Problem:
Section Two: Living Things p. 16 LSF
What does it mean to be alive? Any living thing is an organism. Organisms vary in size. All organisms have similar traits. These traits determine what it means to be alive.
A cell is the smallest unit of an organism that carries on the functions of life.
All living things interact with their surroundings. In order for a living thing to survive and carry on its daily activity, the organism has to respond to stimuli.
Living things also have to be able to:
reproduce
grow and develop
organization
respond
get energy
Section Three: Where does life come from? p. 21 LSF
There are two theories on where life comes from. Spontaneous generation is the idea that living things come from nonliving things and biogenesis is the idea that living things come from living things. There are 6 people who tested these theories.
1. Francesco Redi
2. John Needham
3. Lazzaro Spallanzani
4. Louis Pasteur
5. Alexander Oparin
6. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
Section Four: How are living things classified? p. 24 LSF
Classification
When you place similar items together you classify them. Which means you put them all together with
the same kind.
History of classification
-grouped plants used in medicines
-animals classified by human traits
-Aristotle decided that any organism could be a plant of an animal, which were divided into smaller groups.
Linnaeus
-Carolus Linnaeus developed a new system for organization
-new system based on organisms with similar structures
Modern classification
-scientists use similar structures to classify
-classified into Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
-organisms of same species can mate
Scientific names= Genus (Capitalized) + Species (e.g. cat= Felis domesticus)
Binomial nomenclature
Uses of scientific names
-used for four reasons:
1) helps avoid mistakes
2) organisms with similar evolutionary histories are classified together
3) scientific names give descriptive information about the species
4) scientific names allow information about organisms to be organized easily
Vocabulary:
a. binomial nomenclature- Formal way of naming specific species
b.biogenesis - an idea that living things come only from other living things
c. cell - basic unit of structure and function in living things
d. control - factor in experiment that remains the same
e. genus -first word of the two word scientific name used to identify a group of similar species
f. homeostasis - stable internal conditions
g. hypothesis- prediction that can be tested
h. kingdom- first and largest category used to classify organisms
i. law - statement about how things work in nature that seems to be true consistently
j. organism-an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
k. phylogeny- evolutionary history of an organism; used to group organisms into six kingdoms
l. scientific methods - procedures used to solve problems and and answer questions that can include stating the problem, gathering information, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis with an experiment, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions
m. spontaneous generation- an idea that living things come from non-living things
n. theory- explanation of things or events based on scientific knowledge resulting from many obsercations and experiments
o. variable-something in an experiment that can change.
p. SI unit- An abbreviation for International System of Units; a standard system of measurements.
q. Stimuli- anything that causes some change in the organism is a stimulus.
What gases were believed to be in Earth's early atmosphere?
1) Water (H2O)
2) Methane (CH4)
3) Hydrogen
4) Ammonia (NH3)